By Eileen Burkhalter Smith
I regularly tell my witnesses that “reading and signing” a deposition is waived by fact and expert witnesses alike. I recently experienced, however, an opposing expert who wanted to read and sign. We did not complete the expert’s deposition in one day (okay under Tennessee State Rules, though it might not have been under FRCP 30(d)(1)) and the “second-half” of the deposition was scheduled weeks away.
On the date of the second deposition, the expert handed me a single-spaced typed page of all the changes he wanted to make to the deposition. Presumably, his own hand-made “Errata” sheet. The problem? Some of his changes were actual changes of testimony (e.g., change “yes” to “no”), and supplementation of responses which clearly required him to review documents after the testimony (e.g., change “I don’t know” to “January 17, 1996.”)
I believe my exact response on the record was “Are you kidding me?” And I have revisited this debacle over and over in my mind. There are a number of things that went wrong, of course. Here are just a few of them:
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How did this even happen? I should never have scheduled the “second-half” deposition weeks away. This guy created this problem only because he had time to read the transcript.
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What is happening here? This was presented as a sort of errata sheet, but that’s not what it was at all. An errata sheet is returned to the court reporter with a signature for the deposition. It is intended as correction of errors, which I always assumed were typos. This was, essentially, unsworn hearsay changing his sworn testimony.
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Why is no one else appalled at this? There were many parties and counsel involved in this deposition, and because no one else objected, I did not make an objection on the record. (Hearsay? Non-responsive? Completely inappropriate?)
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What can I do now? At the time, I simply exhibited the page to the deposition, and asked the expert to explain his changes on the record. Ultimately, I had plenty of contradictory testimony on the record, which was helpful later in this case. I have heard of colleagues moving to strike the errata sheet, moving to strike the deposition altogether, or even moving to exclude the expert as untrustworthy.
This ended up hurting the witness more than helping. It just took me a little while to realize that.